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Workshop

Sculpting the Planes of the Head

A Workshop
by John Brown

a fundamental guide to mastering the head with John Brown

intermediate
3h 42m 17s
23 Lessons
A Workshop
by John Brown
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Successful head sculpture begins with understanding where the vertical/horizontal planes and facets are, and the fundamental relationship the features have with them. In this tutorial, figurative artist and educator John Brown breaks down the life-size male head into a series of planes and facets, establishes the facial feature land marks, discusses depth, creating shadows and shares valuable techniques for sculpting the best head possible. John also demonstrates how to use templates, translate a 2D drawing to 3D, symmetry tricks, how to model a hard surface, and create a light-weight full-scale armature. As supplementary featurettes, we visit 3DScanLA and demonstrate the process of creating a digital model through Photogrammetry scanning, how to import into ZBrush, and the basics of cleaning up scanned data to create a 3D print ready model.

23 Lessons

01The ArmatureFree

In this first lesson, John Brown demonstrates a practical, cost-effective setup for life-size head sculpture. By using foam to replace much of the solid clay, he demonstrtates how artists can create lighter, more transportable pieces while saving on materials. With readily available hardware supplies and careful template work, John shows how to build a strong, stable foundation for detailed sculpting.

Duration: 17m 27s

The Armature
02Templates

In this lesson, John continues blocking in the head sculpture, using warmed clay to rapidly build an intentionally over-sculpted base. This approach provides extra material for refining through subtraction, allowing artists to quickly progress from initial forms to developing detailed, well-defined sculptural features.

Duration: 2m 42s

Templates
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03Modeling The Outlines

In this lesson, John emphasizes portrait sculpture by prioritizing primary forms (outlines and planes), over secondary details (surface textures and features). He advocates the "plane study" method, showing how establishing correct proportions, geometric planes, and accurate silhouettes early creates a strong foundation, allowing subsequent detailing to develop naturally.

Duration: 16m 1s

Modeling The Outlines
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04Landmarking and Draft

In this lesson, John discusses how proper facial sculpture requires establishing fundamental structural elements, specifically the hairline and the draft angles of the face, from an early stage. The disciplined use of calipers and adherence to consistent angular relationships throughout the face creates a solid foundation for realistic portraiture. This systematic, hard-surface-modeling approach ensures anatomical accuracy and symmetry in the finished sculpture.

Duration: 3m 29s

Landmarking and Draft
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05Facets

In this lesson, John explains how successful portraiture relies on fully seeing the face as a series of geometric planes and landmarks rather than smooth, continuous surfaces. By establishing guidelines, including the "keystone" reference, along with carving in deep areas of shadow (particularly eye sockets), he creates the foundation necessary for adding realistic facial features.

Duration: 11m 59s

Facets
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06Back to the Silhouette

This lesson deals primarily with the silhouette, as John describes how essential it is to professional-level sculpture work. By looking at the sculpture as a blacked out shadow shape, rather than a complex map of guide lines and other plainer shapes, sculptors can focus on establishing correct proportions and profiles first. Nailing these aspects early on is what makes a sculptor's work fundamentally correct, way before they start applying any details.

Duration: 4m 51s

Back to the Silhouette
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07The Profile Silhouette Cont'd

In this lesson, John takes a closer look at the silhouette; stressing how successful facial sculpture requires careful attention to planes, angles, and continuous surfaces. His methodical approach to working with prepared guidelines while constantly refining and eliminating unwanted planes, shows how clay sculpting is essentially three-dimensional drawing.

Duration: 6m 26s

The Profile Silhouette Cont'd
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08The Ears

In this lesson, John demonstrates how mastering challenging facial features, such as ears, relies on dedicated practice and understanding underlying geometric principles. By combining anatomical knowledge with practical sculpting techniques and recognizing repeating structural patterns, artists can better memorize and execute accurate proportions.

Duration: 5m 55s

The Ears
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09Refining the Mouth

In this lesson, John breaks down mouth forms into recognizable patterns, such as trapezoids and the W-shape, making realistic facial features easier to sculpt. By applying the same approach to surrounding areas and emphasizing underlying anatomical and geometric structures, drawing on classical references like George Bridgman, he provides a solid foundation for sculpting a wide range of characters.

Duration: 3m 17s

Refining the Mouth
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10Dialing Facial Features

In this lesson, John emphasizes understanding facial anatomy in three dimensions using clear landmarks. By masking half the face, he focuses on one side to ensure accurate proportions and spatial relationships before mirroring. His approach, considering support structures and surface guidelines, offers a method for building complex facial forms with proper depth and dimension.

Duration: 5m 2s

Dialing Facial Features
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11The Eyes

In this lesson, John demonstrates his workflow for sculpting anatomically accurate eyes, focusing on vertical planes and proper depth to achieve realistic form. He emphasizes that true mastery comes from understanding facial anatomy and using appropriate tools to consistently create lifelike curvature.

Duration: 11m 9s

The Eyes
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12Ear Details

In this lesson, John works on sculpting realistic ears, requiring an understanding of key anatomical structures and avoiding common mistakes like undersized ear canals and flat positioning against the head. John emphasizes that mastering ear sculpting comes through repetition and practice with large models. This basic ear structure serves as a versatile template that can be adapted for various characters and fantasy creatures.

Duration: 5m 16s

Ear Details
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13The Neck

This lesson looks at the importance of understanding anatomical structure and relationships when sculpting the human neck and shoulders. John demonstrates that successful sculpture relies on both technical knowledge of muscle placement and angles, as well as practical techniques like strategic clay removal and temperature manipulation for finishing.

Duration: 6m 31s

The Neck
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14Symmetry

In this lesson, John presents a practical solution to one of sculpting's most challenging aspects: achieving symmetry. By using a simple mirror as a reference tool, John can directly observe and replicate features rather than relying on guesswork or complex measuring techniques. This accessible method demonstrates that effective artistic solutions don't always require advanced tools or complicated processes.

Duration: 9m 47s

Symmetry
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15Finishing the Eyes

In this lesson, John highlights that sculpting eyes depends on the purpose of the sculpture. While detailed eyes with irises can add realism and character, they may be inappropriate for anatomical plane studies where simplified, filled-in eyes that emphasize structural planes are more effective. After showcasing both variations, John emphasizes the importance of proper tool usage and technique, particularly for blending and finishing work.

Duration: 4m 12s

Finishing the Eyes
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16Finishing and Polish

In this lesson, John emphasizes that mastering the fundamental planes of the head is essential for successful portrait and character sculpting. While modern tools like ZBrush and photogrammetry aid finishing, meticulous handwork, attention to detail, and a strong understanding of form remain critical. Returning to these fundamentals ensures technical mastery, providing artists the freedom for creative expression.

Duration: 11m 55s

Finishing and Polish
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17Photogrammetry

In this lesson, John looks at how photogrammetry offers a powerful bridge between traditional sculpture and fabrication, allowing artists to convert physical works into scalable digital files. While professional multi-camera rigs provide speed and efficiency for studio work, this lesson demonstrates that quality results can also be achieved with a single camera and patience. This workflow is particularly valuable for time-sensitive professional projects.

Duration: 12m 25s

Photogrammetry
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18ZBrush - Part 1

In this lesson, John moves into the digital space with ZBrush, with Paul Gaboury demonstrating an effective 3D printing workflow. Combining traditional sculpting principles with digital tools, they show how to preserve the organic qualities of clay, work efficiently, and maintain intentional asymmetry while correcting technical imperfections, highlighting the thoughtful decision-making required for compelling, printable sculptures.

Duration: 20m 7s

ZBrush - Part 1
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19ZBrush - Part 2

In this lesson, work continues in ZBrush with the digital sculpting phase of the clean-up process. Here, the focus is on achieving clean planes and lines at the appropriate scale rather than excessive detail that won't be visible in the final six-inch print. The combination of automated features (Clay Polish, Z-Remesher) with manual refinement tools creates an efficient workflow for transforming imperfect scan data into production-ready models.

Duration: 29m 3s

ZBrush - Part 2
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20ZBrush - Part 3

This lesson introduces subdivision level management, projection mapping, and morph targets into the workflow, in order to sculpt in high-poly details in a flexible, non-destructive way. As Paul and John work, they also showcase unique brushes and customizable settings that help to achieve the detail they're looking for. Strategic use of ZBrush's technical features helps to balance detail quality, processing speed, and real-world printability constraints.

Duration: 20m 48s

ZBrush - Part 3
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21ZBrush - Part 4

In this lesson, Paul provides a comprehensive workflow for transitioning digital sculpts to physical 3D prints in ZBrush. The process emphasizes practical considerations like proper sizing, material efficiency through hollowing, and optimizing polygon counts for printer compatibility. By utilizing ZBrush's specialized plugins (Scale Master, Decimation Master, and 3D Print Hub), artists can efficiently prepare models while maintaining sculpt quality and ensuring accurate physical dimensions in the final print.

Duration: 9m 58s

ZBrush - Part 4
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223D Printing

The following is a sneak peek into the State of the art 3D printing studio at Carbon 3D.

Duration: 2m 49s

3D Printing
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23Study Model

Duration: 1m 8s

Study Model
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Primary tools

For this workshop you’ll need:

ZBrush
Reality Capture

* Note that these programs and materials will not be supplied with the course.

Project Files

By downloading these workshop files, you'll have access to helpful reference materials to follow along with John Brown's lessons. In the package, you'll find:


  • Orthographic views (.jpg) – Images you can use to reference when sculpting the head and create a model template from when printed out
zip
scu11_ProjectFiles.zip
2.53 MB
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Skills Covered

Who’s this Workshop for?

This workshop is designed for intermediate to advanced sculptors and 3D modelers who want to master head sculpture and all its facets. Whether you're working in traditional clay or digital mediums, this comprehensive training from John Brown provides essential foundation skills for anatomically accurate head sculpting.


The workshop also covers 3D scanning technology and asset clean-up in ZBrush, preparing the final sculpture for 3D printing; a combination of techniques that makes these lessons ideal for artists looking to bridge traditional and digital mediums. With this in mind, character and concept artists can also find tremendous value in John’s teachings.

Learning Outcomes

By completing this workshop, artists will have developed comprehensive skills in head sculpture, from initial planning through digital finishing and 3D-printing preparation.


Key skills include:

  • How to identify and establish vertical, horizontal planes, and facial feature landmarks accurately.
  • How to create lightweight, full-scale armatures for life-size head sculptures efficiently.
  • How to use templates and translate 2D reference drawings into three-dimensional sculptural forms.
  • How to apply symmetry techniques and model hard surface details with professional precision.
  • How to understand depth relationships, shadow creation, and fundamental sculptural plane theory.
  • How to utilize photogrammetry scanning processes and import digital models into ZBrush.
  • How to clean up scanned data and prepare sculptural models for 3D printing.

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Workshop
Sculpting the Planes of the Head
a fundamental guide to mastering the head with John Brown
A Workshop by John BrownCharacter / Creature Designer Sculptor
intermediate
3h 30m
23 Lessons
Instructor John BrownCharacter / Creature Designer Sculptor

John Brown is a sculptor whose expertise in live-action special make-up effects has placed him among the top FX houses in Hollywood. Over his career, he has contributed to more than forty film and television projects, including Alien: Resurrection, Species II, George of the Jungle, Jumanji, The X-Files, Mars Attacks!, Bless the Child, Monkeybone, The Cell, Spy Kids, Scary Movie 2, and Planet of the Apes, among many others.


In addition to his film and TV work, John is an accomplished bronze figurative artist, with sculptures held in private collections throughout the United States.

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  • John methodically explains how to sculpt the planes of the human male head; delivering a pragmatic set of simple to understand lessons that help ground the sculptor in the importance of learning the fundamentals of this art. It is these fundamentals that our creative team at Weta Workshop value as the underpinning of our sculpting process. Johns insistence that, all good work must be underpinned by a thorough understanding of structure and form, is the cornerstone of our creative process.

    - Richard Taylor
    Founder / Creative Director of Wētā Workshop

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